台灣性別主流化十年檢視與國際比較
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Date
2012-12-31
Authors
陳佩英
謝小芩
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Abstract
本研究旨在探究台灣高等教育女性領導現況、其結構限制與個人選擇之影響因素、並據 以發展未來政策介入之方案以促進高教之性別之平等。 本研究為整合型計畫「台灣性別主流化十年檢視與國際比較：全球脈絡與在地發展的問 題與展望」之子計畫，並與澳洲、美國、加拿大、德國、丹麥、西班牙六國學者合作， 試圖從兩個主要結構因素來探討女性領導之現況和可能之發展：性別主流化政策和全球 化學術資本積累之因素。性別主流化政策為行動策略，透過跨部會政策的整合、執行、 與監督，提升女性領導的決策參與，並落實政策各層面之性別平等。性別主流化政策和 已通過之性別平等教育法皆為女性領導發展之可能有利因素。不過，隨著高等教育受到 全球化之衝擊，大學的學術自主、教授共治、和真理追求等價值與治理方式，逐漸為新 式管理主義和市場化的企業經營手段所取代，以應用型的知識生產和學術資本積累之價 值，換算高等教育機構和個人之競爭力。在此脈絡下，管理和領導將逐漸凌駕於學術之 上，新的知識生產和酬賞之遊戲規則可能不利於女性之生涯發展，包括學術或行政階梯 之爬升。 為了理解上述兩個結構因素如何影響高等教育女性學者之學術領導工作之選擇、本研究 以三年為期，第一年先自高等教育資料庫之大學教授調查資料，了解大學女學者之工作 環境、教學研究狀況、面臨的問題與壓力等問題；第一年下半年和第二年選擇兩個個案 學校，以訪談、和焦點座談等方式蒐集資料，並從中耙梳三個層面之互動關係：全球化— 性別主流化vs.學術資本—個人選擇。全球化如何改變高等教育機構運作邏輯，而個人 尤其是女性又如何在性別主流化的可能支持因素以及學術資本遊戲規則下，進行個人學 術和決策參與之生涯選擇。第二年下半年根據研究結果，與其他三個子計畫共同辦理性 別主流化政策之議題焦點座談，本組將聚焦於發展促進女性參與高等教育決策新行動策 略。第三年再將研究結果與歐美六個國家進行比較，從中了解其他國家高教女性領導之 發展和促進策略，並對國內性別主流化女性領導提出進一步的行動策略之改善建議。
This research aims to probe into women leadership in Taiwan higher education, its structural constraints and key factors affecting individual’s choices. Based on research results, the research will develop plans for gender mainstreaming policy initiatives in order to promote gender equality and equity in higher education. The research is a sub-project of ‘An International-Comparative Perspective on Gender Mainstreaming in Taiwan：Problems and Prospects in a Localized and Global Context,’ and incorporates with scholars from Australia, the United States, Canada, Germany, Denmark, and Spain. It attempts to investigate current women leadership and its possible development through two main concepts: the gender mainstreaming policy and the accumulation of academic capitalism. The gender mainstreaming policy is an action strategy for promoting women leadership through integration, execution, supervision of cross-department policies, and for carrying out gender equality at all levels of policies. The gender mainstreaming policy and the adopted Gender Equity Education Act are potentially beneficial factors for the development of women leadership. However, with the impact of globalization, academic freedom, colleague collegiality, and the pursuit of truth are gradually replaced by a new style of managerial audit and entrepreneurial marketization. The application-oriented knowledge production and academic capital accumulation are in exchange for the competitiveness of higher education institutions and individuals. In the context in which managerialism and accountable leadership override academic knowledge, the new form of knowledge production and its rules of rewards may hinder women’s career development, namely, their promotion onto both academic and administrative hierarchies. To understand how the structural factors influence women scholars’ choices of academic leadership in higher education, this research uses three years as a term. The first year is to understand women scholars’ working environment, instructional and research conditions, problem and pressure that they are confronted with by drawing the data from Taiwan Higher Education Database. The second half of the first year and the second year is to hold interviews and focus group meetings of which participants are from two case study universities and to establish the theoretical link among globalization, gender mainstreaming vs. academic capitalism, and individual’s choices --- how globalization changes the operational logic of higher education, how individuals, women in particular, make their own career choices for academic development and decision-making participation. The second half of the second year is to hold focus group meetings on gender mainstreaming policies with team members from other three sub-projects. This sub-project team will focus on developing a new action strategy for promoting women involvement in the decision-making and women leadership in higher education. The third year is to compare the research results with those of the six countries so as to understand the development and promotion strategies for women leadership in higher education in these countries. Suggestions for the action strategies for Taiwan women leadership of gender mainstreaming will be provided.
This research aims to probe into women leadership in Taiwan higher education, its structural constraints and key factors affecting individual’s choices. Based on research results, the research will develop plans for gender mainstreaming policy initiatives in order to promote gender equality and equity in higher education. The research is a sub-project of ‘An International-Comparative Perspective on Gender Mainstreaming in Taiwan：Problems and Prospects in a Localized and Global Context,’ and incorporates with scholars from Australia, the United States, Canada, Germany, Denmark, and Spain. It attempts to investigate current women leadership and its possible development through two main concepts: the gender mainstreaming policy and the accumulation of academic capitalism. The gender mainstreaming policy is an action strategy for promoting women leadership through integration, execution, supervision of cross-department policies, and for carrying out gender equality at all levels of policies. The gender mainstreaming policy and the adopted Gender Equity Education Act are potentially beneficial factors for the development of women leadership. However, with the impact of globalization, academic freedom, colleague collegiality, and the pursuit of truth are gradually replaced by a new style of managerial audit and entrepreneurial marketization. The application-oriented knowledge production and academic capital accumulation are in exchange for the competitiveness of higher education institutions and individuals. In the context in which managerialism and accountable leadership override academic knowledge, the new form of knowledge production and its rules of rewards may hinder women’s career development, namely, their promotion onto both academic and administrative hierarchies. To understand how the structural factors influence women scholars’ choices of academic leadership in higher education, this research uses three years as a term. The first year is to understand women scholars’ working environment, instructional and research conditions, problem and pressure that they are confronted with by drawing the data from Taiwan Higher Education Database. The second half of the first year and the second year is to hold interviews and focus group meetings of which participants are from two case study universities and to establish the theoretical link among globalization, gender mainstreaming vs. academic capitalism, and individual’s choices --- how globalization changes the operational logic of higher education, how individuals, women in particular, make their own career choices for academic development and decision-making participation. The second half of the second year is to hold focus group meetings on gender mainstreaming policies with team members from other three sub-projects. This sub-project team will focus on developing a new action strategy for promoting women involvement in the decision-making and women leadership in higher education. The third year is to compare the research results with those of the six countries so as to understand the development and promotion strategies for women leadership in higher education in these countries. Suggestions for the action strategies for Taiwan women leadership of gender mainstreaming will be provided.