陸客海外自由行發展及對兩岸關係影響之研究

Abstract

中國從1983年開放出境旅遊，但僅開放團體遊，直到2003年才開放赴港澳的個人遊，2009年開放前往日本，2011年開放前往台灣。此一開放對於陸客來說，是滿足全球性自由移動的需求；對於中國來說，則是給予他國的經濟激勵；而對於入境國來說，則可增加更多的外部利益與乘數效果。因此中國決定開放個人遊，一方面是過去的政治與經濟疑慮降低，另一方面則是對外的政治意圖。而此一開放對港澳來說是利弊互見，對台灣與日本來說則尚無明顯經濟助益。

In 1983, Mainland China started to allow its citizens to travel abroad； however, the travelers were required to join in group tours. It was not until 2003 that the self-guided tour to Hong Kong and Macau was initiated. In 2009, the self-guided tour to Japan was opened up, and that to Taiwan began in 2011. The opening model of self-guided tours meets the needs of Mainland Chinese citizens for global travelling. To Mainland China, it offers economic incentives to other countries； to the destination countries, the model would bring external benefits and multiplier effect. Mainland China’s approval of outbound self-guided tours is based on two reasons: one is that the political and economic concerns in the past have been reduced, and the other is that China intends to expand its external politics. The implementation of the outbound self-guided tour is both beneficial and detrimental to Hong Kong and Macau； however, it has not brought any significant economic benefits to Taiwan and Japan.