家庭情緒表達、父母心理控制與國小高年級學童關係攻擊之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討家庭情緒表達、父母心理控制與國小高年級學童關係攻擊之相關及預測情形，並檢視高年級學童關係攻擊傾向是否具有性別差異。 研究參與對象為臺北市與新北市共四所公立國民小學之440位高年級（五、六年級）學童（男生238人，女生202人），使用「關係攻擊同儕提名量表」、「家庭情緒表達量表」、「父母心理控制量表」等研究工具，分別測量國小高年級學童之關係攻擊傾向、家庭情緒表達及父母心理控制。 主要研究結果如下： 1.國小高年級女生的關係攻擊傾向略高於男生的關係攻擊傾向，但是此性別差異的傾向並未達顯著水準。 2.國小高年級學童所知覺之父親及母親的正向情緒表達、以及所知覺之父親及母親的負向情緒表達均有顯著差異，即學童知覺母親比起父親有較多的正向及負向情緒表達。 3.國小高年級學童知覺母親比父親有較多的心理控制，且此差異達顯著水準。 4.父親及母親的正向或負向情緒表達與學童的關係攻擊之間均未達顯著相關；但母親的正向情緒表達和女兒的關係攻擊之間呈現負相關。 5.父親心理控制和學童關係攻擊之間沒有顯著相關；母親心理控制和學童關係攻擊間的相關達顯著，特別是母親的心理控制和女兒的關係攻擊呈正相關。

The purpose of this study was to examine the links between relational aggression, family emotional expression and parental psychological control in the fifth and sixth graders. Participants for this study included 440 senior graders of elementary school students in Taipei. Children’s relational aggression was assessed by approach of peer nominations. The variables of family emotional expression and parental psychological control were measured by “Family Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire” and “Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire,” respectively. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1.Girls appeared to be more relationally aggressive than boys were, but the gender differences were not statistically significant. 2.Mothers were perceived to have significantly more positive and negative emotional expression than fathers had. 3.Mothers were perceived to have significantly more psychological control than fathers had. 4.The overall associations between parental emotional expression and children’s relational aggression were not significant. However, there was a specific link between maternal positive emotional expression and girls’ relational aggression. 5.There was no significant association between paternal psychological control and children’s relational aggression. However, maternal psychological control had significant association with children’s relational aggression, in particular between mothers and daughters.

KEYWORDS: fifth and sixth graders of elementary school, relational aggression, family emotional expression, parental psychological control