小型風力發電系統擾動觀察法最大功率追蹤之探討

Abstract

本論文主旨在研究一小型風力發電系統最大功率追蹤器。將最大功率追蹤控制法則應用在電力級電路上，可以追蹤到系統直流端輸出之最大功率點。實驗部分利用直流電源串聯可變負載可得到變動功率輸入，經轉換之後皆可擷取到最大功率。 整個最大功率追蹤法則是以擾動觀察法為基礎，根據風力發電系統在功率對電壓曲線的關係上，擷取直流端端電壓及電流，並嘗試利用更改不同擾動量的方式去觀察每個擾動量追蹤至最大功率點所花費的時間及優缺點，並分析與比較擾動量設定的大小對系統穩態時所造成之影響。 最後，系統中使用Microchip微控制器dsPIC30F2020，配合適切之軟體程式建構上述之擾動觀察控制法則，來達到最大功率追蹤之期望，並以軟硬體測試波形來驗證。The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the maximum power point tracker for a small-scale wind power generation system. Designing and applying the MPPT control rule in a power converter circuit, so that the tracker can track the maximum power point from DC output of the system. In this work, a DC power supply was connected with various loads getting different input power. Through the power conversion, the tracker can get the maximum power points. The tracking rule was based on Perturb and Observe Algorithm to capture the generator’s voltage and current. According to the relationship between power and voltage of a wind power generator, we used different disturbance to track MPP and observed the tracking time when system approached the MPP. We then discussed the influence of different disturbance on the system in steady state. Finally, a digital signal processor Microchip dsPIC30F2020 was used in the system, and an experimental hardware scheme with software algorithm was established to prove the principle of the maximum power tracking.