臺灣升學機制及升學競爭之簡介
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Date
1999-11-01
Authors
洪仁進
簡成熙
徐振邦
朱盈潔
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
國立臺灣師範大學教育研究與評鑑中心
Abstract
本文先從台灣地區的升學機制談起，再簡介台灣地區之升學競爭現況，最後勾劃出台灣地區未來升學的遠景。在升學機制的部份，我國目前的升學機制，乃是以入學考試的方式為主，在本文分別從「國中升高中」和「高中職升學」兩部分來談起。而在升學競爭的部分，從民國八十年以後，國中畢業的就學機率就已超過了100%，此意思是指每個國中畢業生只要他想升學，都會有機會。單從這些數據，我們可以很粗略的說，我國的升學機會很大，不過，升學競爭不僅只是客觀的就學機會，尚包括主觀的進入「好」學校（亦所謂明星學校）的期待。此期待可能和明星學校的畢業生有較好的機會考入較好的另一層次的學校，以及比較容易找到好的工作的緣故。此種期待便造成了升學競爭的情形，在文中並有交待所謂明星學校的升學率比一般學校高出許多的事實的數據。 雖然筆者介紹了升學機制所造成的升學競爭的情形，但是筆者並未對未來的教育感到全然悲觀，筆者認為，展望未來我國之高中教育，應同時具備有「準備」及「完成」階段之教育功能，準備是指升大學，完成則代表暫時進入就業市場。大學的多樣化，也會影響到高中，在終生教育的理念下，升學就業將會是一不斷循環之歷程。因此，高中課程會傾向於靈活利用各種選修制度，以適應不同需求之學生。短時間，綜合高中大抵仍是以同一所高中，涵蓋普通、職業類科為主。不過，當技職體系的技術學院與大學不再壁壘分明時，以「選修」為主的綜合高中，就能逐漸加以落實，這可能是我國未來高中的發展趨勢。
Three parts separate this article, firstly, describing the educational selection mechanism in Taiwan. And then, having a brief description about the educational contest of entrance of schools in Taiwan. Finally, plot the vision of the future of education in Taiwan. Firstly, entrance examinations take the major role of the educational selection mechanism in Taiwan. The authors try to describe it from two parts, one is about the graduates of junior high schools that want to enter higher school, and the other is the graduates of senior high schools which want to enter higher school. Secondly, the authors describe the situation about contest of educational selection mechanism currently in Taiwan. Since the 90' s, the entrance ratio of junior higher schools' graduates has beyond 100%. It means the junior high school graduates who want to enter higher school all have the opportunity. From these data, we can roughly consider that the gate of entering a higher school is wide opened, but the contest of entering higher school can not be observed from the objective school entrance opportunity. We must consider the subjective expectation of entering a "good "school at the same time. Maybe we can relate the expectation of entering a star school to these results below: the graduates of star schools have better chance to enter anther higher star school, and it is easier also for them to find a good job. For this reason, we have the educational contest for entering star schools in Taiwan. Finally, although the authors discuss the situation of contest in our educational selection mechanism, they still think that we will have a better future of education.
Three parts separate this article, firstly, describing the educational selection mechanism in Taiwan. And then, having a brief description about the educational contest of entrance of schools in Taiwan. Finally, plot the vision of the future of education in Taiwan. Firstly, entrance examinations take the major role of the educational selection mechanism in Taiwan. The authors try to describe it from two parts, one is about the graduates of junior high schools that want to enter higher school, and the other is the graduates of senior high schools which want to enter higher school. Secondly, the authors describe the situation about contest of educational selection mechanism currently in Taiwan. Since the 90' s, the entrance ratio of junior higher schools' graduates has beyond 100%. It means the junior high school graduates who want to enter higher school all have the opportunity. From these data, we can roughly consider that the gate of entering a higher school is wide opened, but the contest of entering higher school can not be observed from the objective school entrance opportunity. We must consider the subjective expectation of entering a "good "school at the same time. Maybe we can relate the expectation of entering a star school to these results below: the graduates of star schools have better chance to enter anther higher star school, and it is easier also for them to find a good job. For this reason, we have the educational contest for entering star schools in Taiwan. Finally, although the authors discuss the situation of contest in our educational selection mechanism, they still think that we will have a better future of education.