高齡者功能性體適能及身體組成之現況分析研究－以欣然日間照顧中心為例
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2025
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隨著高齡人口增加，使得高齡化成為我國重要議題，促進健康老化更顯關鍵。規律運動對高齡者生理功能具有效益，若能在運動前透過功能性體適能及身體組成評估及瞭解其活動能力及肌肉脂肪狀況，可更精準設計日間照顧中心的運動及活動課程。據此，本研究之研究目的如下：一、瞭解研究對象功能性體適能表現之現況。二、分析研究對象身體組成之現況。三、根據研究對象功能性體適能表現及身體組成之現況，設計日間照顧中心之課程。本研究之研究對象為欣然日間照顧中心之高齡者，研究對象須完成身體組成測量及30秒肱二頭肌手臂屈舉、30秒椅子坐站、抓背測驗、椅子坐姿體前彎、開眼單足立、2.44公尺椅子坐立繞物、兩分鐘原地抬膝踏步及握力測驗等八項功能性體適能之檢測。本研究使用SPSS 23進行統計分析，並以敘述性統計分析瞭解研究對象之社會人口學變項、身體組成及功能性體適能之現況。研究結果發現，22位研究對象 (平均年齡為77.1歲；63.6%為女性) 之身體組成數值 (平均值±標準差) 分別為 (1) 體重：55.18±11.21公斤、(2) 體脂率：29.14±8.12 %、(3) 體脂肪重：16.33±6.46公斤、(4) 肌肉重：36.76±7.43公斤、(5) 骨量：2.09±0.43公斤、(6) 身體質量指數：22.64±3.72 kg/m²、(7) 內臟脂肪分數：7.62±4.30分、(8) 腿部肌肉分數：83.81±11.83分、(9) 基礎代謝率：1086.77±205.59 kcal、(10) 身體年齡：66.18±9.44歲、(11) 右腿相位角：-3.52±0.90度、(12) 左腿相位角：-3.40±0.86度、(13) 右手相位角：-5.35±1.67度、(13) 左手相位角：-5.34±2.16度、(13) 全身相位角：-5.25±1.65度；功能性體適能結果 (平均值±標準差) 分別為 (1) 30秒肱二頭肌手臂屈舉：9.14±5.53次 、(2) 30秒椅子坐站：5.82± 4.81次、(3) 抓背測驗：-30.27±18.99公分、(4) 椅子坐姿體前彎：-14.23±16.00公分、(5) 開眼單足立：2.16±4.20秒、(6) 2.44公尺椅子坐立繞物：17.62±10.17秒、(7) 兩分鐘原地抬膝踏步：25.09±44.18次、(8) 握力測驗：12.83±6.79公斤。本研究之研究發現可為欣然日間照顧中心運動課程之調整、發展及規劃的重要實證依據，建議未來研究可針對日照中心高齡者進行介入研究，能更進一步瞭解其身體組成及功能性體適能的變化情形。
With the increasing elderly population, aging has become a significant issue in our country, making the promotion of healthy aging even more crucial. Regular exercise benefits the physiological functions of elders. If functional fitness and body composition assessments can be conducted before exercise to understand their activity capacity and muscle-fat status, exercise and activity programs in daycare centers can be designed more precisely. The research objectives of this study are as follows: follows: 1. To understand the current status of functional fitness performance of the research subjects. 2. To analyze the current status of the body composition of the research subjects. 3. Based on the current status of functional fitness performance and body composition of the research subjects, to design a curriculum for daycare centers. The research subjects of this study are elders from the Xinran Daycare Center. The research subjects must complete body composition measurements and eight functional fitness tests: 30-second bicep curl, 30-second chair stand, back scratch test, chair sit-and-reach, single-leg stance with eyes open, 2.44-meter timed up-and-go, two-minute step test, and handgrip strength test. This study will use SPSS 23 for statistical analysis, with descriptive statistics used to understand the current status of the research subjects' sociodemographic variables, body composition, and functional fitness. The research results found that the body composition values (mean ± standard deviation) of the 22 research subjects (average age 77.1 years; 63.6% female) were as follows: (1) Weight: 55.18 ± 11.21 kg, (2) Body fat percentage: 29.14 ± 8.12%, (3) Fat mass: 16.33 ± 6.46 kg, (4) Muscle mass: 36.76 ± 7.43 kg, (5) Bone mass: 2.09 ± 0.43 kg, (6) Body mass index: 22.64 ± 3.72 kg/m², (7) Visceral fat level: 7.62 ± 4.30, (8) Leg muscle score: 83.81 ± 11.83, (9) Basal metabolic rate: 1086.77 ± 205.59 kcal, (10) Body age: 66.18 ± 9.44 years, (11) Right leg phase angle: -3.52 ± 0.90 degrees, (12) Left leg phase angle: -3.40 ± 0.86 degrees, (13) Right hand phase angle: -5.35 ± 1.67 degrees, (14) Left hand phase angle: -5.34 ± 2.16 degrees, (15) Whole body phase angle: -5.25 ± 1.65 degrees; The functional fitness results (mean ± standard deviation) were as follows: (1) 30-second bicep curl: 9.14 ± 5.53 repetitions, (2) 30-second chair stand: 5.82 ± 4.81 repetitions, (3) Back scratch test: -30.27 ± 18.99 cm, (4) Chair sit-and-reach: -14.23 ± 16.00 cm, (5) Single-leg stance with eyes open: 2.16 ± 4.20 seconds, (6) 2.44-meter timed up-and-go: 17.62 ± 10.17 seconds, (7) Two-minute step test: 25.09 ± 44.18 steps, (8) Handgrip strength test: 12.83 ± 6.79 kg. The results of this study provide important empirical evidence for the adjustment, development, and planning of exercise curriculum at the Xinran Daycare Center. It is recommended that future research conduct intervention studies with older adults in daycare centers to gain a deeper understanding of changes in their body composition and functional fitness.
With the increasing elderly population, aging has become a significant issue in our country, making the promotion of healthy aging even more crucial. Regular exercise benefits the physiological functions of elders. If functional fitness and body composition assessments can be conducted before exercise to understand their activity capacity and muscle-fat status, exercise and activity programs in daycare centers can be designed more precisely. The research objectives of this study are as follows: follows: 1. To understand the current status of functional fitness performance of the research subjects. 2. To analyze the current status of the body composition of the research subjects. 3. Based on the current status of functional fitness performance and body composition of the research subjects, to design a curriculum for daycare centers. The research subjects of this study are elders from the Xinran Daycare Center. The research subjects must complete body composition measurements and eight functional fitness tests: 30-second bicep curl, 30-second chair stand, back scratch test, chair sit-and-reach, single-leg stance with eyes open, 2.44-meter timed up-and-go, two-minute step test, and handgrip strength test. This study will use SPSS 23 for statistical analysis, with descriptive statistics used to understand the current status of the research subjects' sociodemographic variables, body composition, and functional fitness. The research results found that the body composition values (mean ± standard deviation) of the 22 research subjects (average age 77.1 years; 63.6% female) were as follows: (1) Weight: 55.18 ± 11.21 kg, (2) Body fat percentage: 29.14 ± 8.12%, (3) Fat mass: 16.33 ± 6.46 kg, (4) Muscle mass: 36.76 ± 7.43 kg, (5) Bone mass: 2.09 ± 0.43 kg, (6) Body mass index: 22.64 ± 3.72 kg/m², (7) Visceral fat level: 7.62 ± 4.30, (8) Leg muscle score: 83.81 ± 11.83, (9) Basal metabolic rate: 1086.77 ± 205.59 kcal, (10) Body age: 66.18 ± 9.44 years, (11) Right leg phase angle: -3.52 ± 0.90 degrees, (12) Left leg phase angle: -3.40 ± 0.86 degrees, (13) Right hand phase angle: -5.35 ± 1.67 degrees, (14) Left hand phase angle: -5.34 ± 2.16 degrees, (15) Whole body phase angle: -5.25 ± 1.65 degrees; The functional fitness results (mean ± standard deviation) were as follows: (1) 30-second bicep curl: 9.14 ± 5.53 repetitions, (2) 30-second chair stand: 5.82 ± 4.81 repetitions, (3) Back scratch test: -30.27 ± 18.99 cm, (4) Chair sit-and-reach: -14.23 ± 16.00 cm, (5) Single-leg stance with eyes open: 2.16 ± 4.20 seconds, (6) 2.44-meter timed up-and-go: 17.62 ± 10.17 seconds, (7) Two-minute step test: 25.09 ± 44.18 steps, (8) Handgrip strength test: 12.83 ± 6.79 kg. The results of this study provide important empirical evidence for the adjustment, development, and planning of exercise curriculum at the Xinran Daycare Center. It is recommended that future research conduct intervention studies with older adults in daycare centers to gain a deeper understanding of changes in their body composition and functional fitness.
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Keywords
照護機構, 銀髮體適能, 身體組成分析, Daycare center, Senior functional fitness, Body composition analysis