銅合金與鋁合金異質摩擦攪拌銲接之接合特性研究

Abstract

本研究應用摩擦攪拌銲接製程於 CuZn35黃銅同質對接、 CuZn35黃銅與 6061-T6鋁合金，及C1100純銅與 6061-T6鋁合金接合之研究，攪拌工具皆使用鎢鋼材質，探討不同的進給與轉速配合下，對於銲接件接合特性之影響。為了分析異質接合之品質，本研究也針對轉速對溫度變化造成之影響進行監測。黃銅同質摩擦攪拌銲接部分，本研究將攪拌棒設定在中心位置，轉速700 rpm、進給速率50 mm/min的條件下，可成功接合，且銲道無缺陷，在攪拌區因晶粒細化使得硬度提高，銲件之抗拉強度與延伸率達到母材之90%以上%。在黃銅及鋁合金之異質對接中，使用偏移量0至1 mm，並使用0至3度傾斜角進行銲接，實驗結果顯示偏移量設定在偏鋁側1 mm，於轉速設定900 rpm、進給速率設定為 30 mm/min，且在傾斜角為3度的條件下可有效接合，沒有缺陷產生，在攪拌區發現鋁銅化合物產生，使得硬度提高，但銲件接合強度不佳，最高抗拉強度約80 MPa 左右，拉伸破壞位置均位於接合界面。在純銅及鋁合金之異質接合中，使用偏移量1 mm，傾斜角1.5度進行銲接，當轉速設定在1700、1800及1900 rpm、進給速率控制在30 mm/min之條件下可達成銲道無缺陷的接合。轉速在1700及1800 rpm時攪拌區觀察到鋁銅化合物生成，硬度增加，但拉伸性質不佳，當轉速提高到1900 rpm時，鋁銅化合物減少，使得銲件的拉伸性質獲得改善。This study applied the friction stir welding process to investigate the joining of CuZn35 brass, the joining of CuZn35 brass with 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, and the joining of C1100 pure copper with 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Tungsten steel was utilized as the material for the stirring tool. The study aimed to explore the influence of different combinations of feed rates and rotational speeds on the joint characteristics of the welded components. In order to analyze the quality of dissimilar joints, the study also monitored the effect of rotational speed on temperature variations.For the homogeneous friction stir welding of CuZn35 brass, with the stirring pin positioned at the central location, successful joints were achieved under conditions of a rotational speed of 700 rpm and a feed rate of 50 mm/min. The resulting welds were defect-free, and the grain refinement in the stirred zone led to increased hardness. The tensile strength and elongation of the welds exceeded 90% of the base material's properties In the dissimilar joining of CuZn35 brass and aluminum alloy, with an offset ranging from 0 to 1 mm and an inclination angle ranging from 0 to 3 degrees, the experimental results indicated that setting the offset at 1 mm towards the aluminum side, along with a rotational speed of 900 rpm and a feed rate of 30 mm/min, and with a 3-degree inclination angle, effectively achieved defect-free joints. No defects were observed, and the formation of intermetallic compound in the stirred zone led to increased hardness. However, the joint strength was suboptimal, with a maximum tensile strength of approximately 80 MPa, and fractures predominantly occurred at the joint interface.In the dissimilar joining of pure copper and aluminum alloy, using a 1 mm offset and a 1.5-degree inclination angle, defect-free welds were achieved under conditions of rotational speeds set at 1700, 1800, and 1900 rpm, along with a controlled feed rate of 30 mm/min. Intermetallic compound formation and increased hardness were observed in the stirred zone at rotational speeds of 1700 and 1800 rpm, but the tensile properties were unsatisfactory. Upon increasing the rotational speed to 1900 rpm, the intermetallic compound content decreased, leading to an improvement in the tensile properties of the welds.