觀光發展歷程下的文化衝擊

Abstract

幾百年與世隔絕的達悟海洋文化在蘭嶼島上緩慢成形，但卻在發展觀光之後面臨了社會、文化與經濟的嚴重衝擊。本研究以文化觀光及島嶼邊陲化之觀點，探討觀光發展對蘭嶼文化之影響，並比較文化地景變遷內涵中創新與同化現象的差異。本研究在研究場域以深度訪談、焦點訪談與參與式觀察法來進行資料蒐集，結果顯示蘭嶼達悟族人的經濟結構與文化內涵歷經觀光發展的興起、頹敗、邊緣化與再發展歷程之後，開始重新適應與自我學習，逐漸形成另一種新的文化模式，同時也呈現在日常之文化地景之改變上，包含了蘭嶼飲食文化的變遷、蘭嶼建築與居住文化的解構與再重組、傳統產業的再生、信仰與生活地景的重建與對整體環境保育的思考，然而新的模式仍可能面臨許多未來可預見之衝擊與危機，因此，本研究最後建議應針對在地特色，規範出海洋文化觀光之新秩序，藉以達到島嶼環境永續發展之目的。

Tao marine culture, which is isolated for hundreds of years, was slowly developed in the island of Lanyu. However, it has faced great social, cultural and economic impacts after the tourism development. The research aims to understand the effect of tourism development in Lanyu Island, focusing on landscape comparison. Data were collected by in-depth interview, focus group, and participant observation. The results show that the traditional economic structure and cultural context of Tao people have developed a new cultural pattern after the tourism development progress. The change of the cultural pattern was represented in the daily life, including the change of dietary culture, the reconstruction of Tao building, the regeneration of traditional industries, the reconstruction of living landscape, and the reconsideration of environmental conservation. However, the new cultural pattern may face many different impact and crisis in the future. Finally, the research suggested that the government should develop cultural tourism specifications for Tao People toward sustainable development.