「至於」、「對於」、「關於」的篇章功能與教學應用
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Date
2009-07-31
Authors
陳俊光
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Publisher
行政院國家科學委員會
Abstract
本研究主要探討語法結構「對於」、「關於」、「至於」三者之間的差異。過去文 獻對此的討論大都停留在語義功能／語法意義或句法制約的層面。然而語言實際交際中 的基本單位並非詞彙或句子，而是表達完整思想的篇章，說話者藉篇章功能使語言和語 境發生關連。因此，本研究計畫冀望能超越傳統在語義、句法的描述，進入篇章言功能 的探討，包括信息結構與主題、焦點等議題。 文獻上對「對於」、「關於」、「至於」的篇章功能著墨甚少。相關文獻一般都將 三者皆視為介詞，而且只要三者出現在句首的位置，便通通將其歸為主題標記。筆者認 三者並非同為介詞或主題標記。本計畫的研究方法乃先透過文獻探討與批判，以建立「關 於」、「對於」、「至於」的理論架構，從而初步提出以下三個假設，然後再透過大量的 實際語料加以驗證。 （1）「至於」是唯一的主題標記，為篇章成分 （2）「對於」乃是對比焦點標記，為篇章成分 （3）關於」為單純的介詞，後接名詞成狀語，為句法成分 本計畫嘗試補足先行文獻的缺口，將主要重點放在「對於」、「關於」、「至於」 的篇章功能之探索。不過也嘗試釐清三者的語義功能和句法制約，使這三個語法點能獲 更全面的探討，以達到結合語言形式與溝通功能的目標。同時能呈現從句法結構至篇章 功能的漸進式教學原則。 以下為本計畫的三個研究步驟： 第一：釐清「對於」、「關於」、「至於」的語義功能和句法制約 第二：探索「對於」、「關於」、「至於」的篇章功能 第三：將「對於」、「關於」、「至於」的語義功能、句法制約、篇章功能納入教 學語法的架構中，以循序漸進的連續面來達成教與學的目標。
The proposed research project focuses on the different aspects of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. Previous research has been primarily devoted to the description of grammatical meanings and syntactic constraints of these three structures. However, the basic unit of human communication is not the word or sentence but the discourse structure on which a complete thought is based. The speaker relates the language to a given situation by means of a series of discourse functions. Therefore, the proposed project aims to move beyond the traditional focus of semantic and syntactic description and delve into discourse functions, including important issues in information structure, topic and focus. A survey of the research literature in the discourse function of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu yields few results. These three structures are generally considered prepositions, and are also indistinguishingly treated as topic markers once they appear in the sentence-initial position. The present researcher disputes such an indiscriminate treatment of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu both as prepositions and topic markers. After an initial investigation and critique on previous relevant studies, the present researcher hypothesizes that (1) Zhiyu is the only true topic marker of the three and appears only sentence-initially. (2) Duiyu is a marker of contrastive focus and appears relatively free in the sentence. (3) Guanyu is a simple preposition that can function as an adverbial phrase when immediately followed by a nominal phrase. and will test these hypotheses against an extended data base to be gathered in the research project. Overall, the proposed project aims to address the insufficiency of prior research on the discourse phenomena of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. But it also attempts to identify the core semantics and fundamental syntax of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. It is hoped that an overall picture can be drawn of how these three structures are used and interact with one another at different linguistic levels. Pedagogically, this project will incorporate the results of the multi-level linguistic analysis into the framework of pedagogical grammar. The purpose is to provide teachers and textbook writers of L2 Chinese with information based on authentic language use and arranged according to the concepts of sequentiality and cumulativeness. The proposed research project thus can be summarized in the following three stages: 1. Unravel the core semantics and fundamental syntax of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. 2. Explore the discourse function of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. 3. Incorporate the analytical results of of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu into the framework of pedagogical grammar.
The proposed research project focuses on the different aspects of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. Previous research has been primarily devoted to the description of grammatical meanings and syntactic constraints of these three structures. However, the basic unit of human communication is not the word or sentence but the discourse structure on which a complete thought is based. The speaker relates the language to a given situation by means of a series of discourse functions. Therefore, the proposed project aims to move beyond the traditional focus of semantic and syntactic description and delve into discourse functions, including important issues in information structure, topic and focus. A survey of the research literature in the discourse function of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu yields few results. These three structures are generally considered prepositions, and are also indistinguishingly treated as topic markers once they appear in the sentence-initial position. The present researcher disputes such an indiscriminate treatment of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu both as prepositions and topic markers. After an initial investigation and critique on previous relevant studies, the present researcher hypothesizes that (1) Zhiyu is the only true topic marker of the three and appears only sentence-initially. (2) Duiyu is a marker of contrastive focus and appears relatively free in the sentence. (3) Guanyu is a simple preposition that can function as an adverbial phrase when immediately followed by a nominal phrase. and will test these hypotheses against an extended data base to be gathered in the research project. Overall, the proposed project aims to address the insufficiency of prior research on the discourse phenomena of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. But it also attempts to identify the core semantics and fundamental syntax of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. It is hoped that an overall picture can be drawn of how these three structures are used and interact with one another at different linguistic levels. Pedagogically, this project will incorporate the results of the multi-level linguistic analysis into the framework of pedagogical grammar. The purpose is to provide teachers and textbook writers of L2 Chinese with information based on authentic language use and arranged according to the concepts of sequentiality and cumulativeness. The proposed research project thus can be summarized in the following three stages: 1. Unravel the core semantics and fundamental syntax of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. 2. Explore the discourse function of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu. 3. Incorporate the analytical results of of duiyu, guanyu, and zhiyu into the framework of pedagogical grammar.