離鄉出走—臺東縣青少棒選手國中畢業後外流現狀與因素之分析

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解臺東縣國中棒球選手畢業後，前往其他縣市就讀高中的現狀與因素。本研究先蒐集相關資料分析出臺東縣國中球員畢業後就讀外縣市高中的情形，再以半結構式訪談來瞭解其外流因素。棒球運動在臺灣是非常重要的運動項目，甚至是許多臺灣人口中的「國球」。中華職棒一軍選手中有將近18%的人來自臺東，但這些臺東的棒球選手在進入高中階段，卻往往必須離鄉背景以延續棒球生涯，使得臺東地區的青棒發展每下愈況。本研究以Lee (1966) 的人口遷移理論 (A Theory of Migration) 來分析臺東縣國中棒球選手畢業後外流現狀與相關因素。研究結果發現近三年臺東青少棒選手於升學時確實有嚴重的外流現象，112名繼續打球的畢業生中，有91名就讀外縣市高中，外流比例達81%。影響學生外流的外地拉力因素如下：在經濟層面包含獎金、各項補助等；文化層面則與人際網絡有關，如學長的就讀經驗、教練建議、贊助者影響；結構層面包含球隊所能提供的訓練環境、教練師資；個人層面則以追求夢想、尋求上場機會為主。在地推力因素則包含臺東球隊補助太少、球隊競爭強度不足、欠缺比賽機會、球隊管理不良等。根據研究結果，建議選手升學決策需更全面考量；各高中職於招生時，應參酌不同學生的差異，提供最適合的就讀條件；臺東縣政府應與地方高中職合作，加強與臺東的國中之間的人際網絡，增加學生留下的意願。The aim of this study is to explore the status and factors of brain-drain in Taitung junior high school baseball players after graduation. At first, researcher collected relevant data to analyze which high schools the players study now. Then researcher used the semi-structured interview to understand the outflow factors. In Taiwan, baseball is a very important sport, even called "National Ball". There are amount 18% major players in CPBL (Chinese Professional Baseball League) born at Taitung. But many of the players chose to leave Taitung while they attend senior high school in order to continue their baseball careers. Due to this, the junior baseball in Taitung come from bad to worse. This study adopt the push-pull theory from Lee’s (1966) theory of migration as the theoretical framework to analyze the status and factors of outflow. The result shows serious outflow of the student players in recent three years. Out of 112 student players who chose to continue their playing careers in high schools, 91 (81% of total) decided to study out of Taitung. The factors that can be attributed to “foreign pulls” are as followed: economic aspects such as playing bonus and various kinds of subsidies, cultural aspects tied to interpersonal networks such as experiences from seniors, recommendations from coaches and influences from sponsors, structural aspects such as training environment and coaching faculties, and person aspects as dream pursing and playing opportunities. And the factors attributed to “local push” for the outflow are lack of sufficient subsidy allowance from public sectors, lack of competitions and tournament opportunities in addition to the poor management of the teams. According the result, players need a more comprehensive consideration while they choose senior high schools; all high schools at the time of enrollment should be taking into account differences of each students, then provide the most suitable conditions for studying; Taitung County government should work with local high schools, strengthen the relationship with local junior high schools.