城鄉兒童主要照顧者自覺環境因素與身體活動之關係研究

Abstract

本研究的目的有三：(1)瞭解兒童主要照顧者之自覺環境與其身體活動情形(2)比較城鄉地區樣本自覺環境因素與身體活動的差異(3)分析各環境因素對兒童主要照顧者身體活動的相關影響。研究採橫斷式設計，樣本的選取參考台灣地區都市化程度資料，以台北市及苗栗縣後龍鎮做為城市與鄉村地區的代表，兩個地區各取五所學校之五、六年級各一班，合計549名學童主要照顧者為樣本，以自填式自覺環境量表及身體活動量表為測量工具收集資料。除作描述性統計外，並以單因子變異數分析及複迴歸考驗城鄉受試者在自覺環境和身體活動上的差異程度。結果發現如下：居住於城市地區者自覺交通環境較為便利；較鄉村地區民眾感到街道安全，但覺得環境受到污染情形較鄉村地區嚴重。在活動場所可近性部份，城市地區樣本自覺環境場所較為複雜，但活動地點較鄉村地區民眾容易接近。在身體活動表現上，鄉村地區的受訪者在工作方面的活動量高於城市地區，交通活動量、休閒活動量均為城市地區樣本的活動量大於鄉村地區受訪者，總量部分兩地區差異並不顯著，兒童主要照顧者的活動總量並未因為城鄉地區有所差異，但分項而言，城市樣本在假日時有較多的身體活動。自覺環境因素中僅活動場所的可近性一項對城市地區樣本的身體活動有預測力，城市居民之日常活動場所愈容易接近，其身體活動反而相對減少；對鄉村地區樣本則沒有任何自變項具有預測力。研究依據結果發現提出實務和未來研究方向的建議。

This study aims to explore the perceived environment and physical activity of the care-takers of the students of the elementary schools in the urban and rural areas in Taiwan and also investigate the relationship between perceived environment and physical activity of the subjects. A cross-sectional design was adopted to collect the data from 549 care-takers from urban and rural areas with a self-administered questionnaire. Besides descriptive data analysis, one-way ANOVA was used to test the difference of perceived environment and the amount of physical activity. Also, multiple regression was used to test the predictive power of perceived environment on physical activity. The findings were: (1)The urban subjects perceived the environment more convenient and safe, but with higher degree of pollution as well as higher accessibility and complexity of facilities for physical activity. (2)The rural subjects had higher amount of physical activity from work compared with their counterparts in the urban areas; meanwhile, the latter had higher amount of physical activity of transportation and leisure-time activity than the former. There was no difference between the urban and rural areas in total amount of physical activity. Only perceived accessibility of the facilities was significant in predicting physical activity of urban subjects; the subjects were less physically active if the daily facilities were more accessible. None of the variables can predict physical activity of the rural subjects. Based on the findings, suggestions of the practice and future studies were made.