衝浪者意義建構之敘說研究

Abstract

本研究探討衝浪者在透過衝浪產生疛生命意義，理解其主觀經驗背後的意義建構歷程。採取立意取樣並透過半結構深度訪談，邀請五位衝浪者擔任研究參與者，揭露其生命歷程與脈絡，探討他們衝浪經驗背後所建構的意義感。以敘說研究的方法，透過研究參與者之視域，了解衝浪者的主觀經驗與心理歷程，先以「整體–內容」的整體經驗敘說，用時間軸呈現脈絡的先後順序，理解個別生命經驗與意義建構的歷程，深入探討研究參與者個別主體經驗，找出每位研究參與者主體經驗對於他們的意義建構。再以「類別–內容」資料分析方式，萃取出衝浪者的意義建構，呈現最後研究結果。本研究結果分為以下幾個面向呈現，包括「衝浪者的生命經驗」、「衝浪者的自我覺察」、「衝浪者的意義建構」、以及「衝浪者意義建構其他特定議題之討論」: 一、「衝浪者的生命經驗」中，研究參與者所經歷的三項共同主題為「自身經驗的影響與轉化」、「繁鬧城市生活後滿足回歸自然的渴望」以及「衝浪成為工作與生活的安慰劑」。 二、「衝浪者的自我覺察」核心觀點則分為「意識轉換的歷程」、心流經驗找到通往快樂的途徑」以及「靈性經驗與自然的融合」。 三、「衝浪者的意義建構」則以敘說研究法「類別–內容」之分析方式，萃取六項意義建構之主要範疇為:「沉浸於冒險情境中的心流經驗」、「自我核心價值的建立」、「自我實現與高峰經驗的追求」、「獨處時的生命沉澱」、「生活情境的隱喻性轉移」、「知覺風險後對於生命的正向肯定」。 四、「衝浪者意義建構其他特定議題之討論」呈現兩項現象的探討，分別為「態度性價值的實踐」與「性別框架的刻板印象」。 本研究貢獻為提供冒險活動中以衝浪者為對象之質性研究；以及探討意義感做為參與冒險活動的深層動機。研究建議可持續探討「冒險活動中的靈性經驗」與「死亡恐懼在冒險活動意義感的關係」相關研究；建議以多元化冒險活動為方案，進行不同族群意義感之探究；研究範圍可延伸至其他戶外活動從事者，探究其脈絡在意義建構中的生命故事與心理歷程，希望在將來能發展出一個完整的「戶外教育者意義建構模式」，做為延續未來量化研究的基礎。This study is to explore the meaning of life for surfers through surfing, and to understand the process of meaning making according to their personal experiences. This study was taken with purposely sampling and semi-structured. In this research, five surfers were invited as the participants and through their experiences, exposing their stories of life, and analyzing their process of meaning making. In the way of narrative research and using participants' perspective, the researcher studies the subjective experience and psychological course of the surfers. First by using “holistic-content” approach with time-line, to understand each individual's life experience and meaning-making. And then uses “categorical-content” data analysis, showing the overall results of the five participants in meaning making. The results of this study are divided into the following aspects, including the life experience of surfers, the self-awareness of surfers from surfing, the surfers' meaning making through surfing, and the discussion on other specific issues. First, in the life experience, the three common themes for the participants are the influence and transformation of their own experience and the desire to return to nature after urban life, and the surfing as a placebo for work and life. Second, the core view of surfers' self-awareness from surfing is divided into the consciousness transformation, the flow experience to happiness, and the spiritual experience and the integration of nature. Third, the surfers' meaning making through surfing uses "categorical- content" analysis, which concludes six major categories, including the flow experience through adventure, the building of the personal value, the pursuit of self-actualization and peak experience, the life precipitation of wildness solo, the metaphorical transfer in life, and the positive view of life after perceived risk. Fourth, the discussion of the specific issues presents two other phenomena. One is the practice of attitudinal value, and the other is the stereotype of the gender framework. This study contributed and provided a qualitative study of surfers in adventure activities; and explores the implications as a deep motivation to participate in adventure activities. The study suggested that further discussion in adventure activities in the spiritual experience and death fear in the adventure. It also suggested that focusing on different group in diversified adventure activities. The research may explore their sense of meaning through various outdoor activities by using narrative research. Hopefully, the model of meaning making for people engage outdoor activities will be successfully practiced for quantitative research in the future.