分數競爭下的弱者?高職畢業生不同進路的生涯選擇

Abstract

因受升學主義影響，台灣的學生與家長很容易用分數來決定一個人的成就，在這樣的文化氛圍之下，高職學生通常被認為是分數競爭下的弱者。然而，國中基測真的能影響高職學生的生涯選擇嗎？為了探究這個問題，本研究邀請新北市某高職九位畢業學生為研究參與者，其中有五位選擇繼續升學，四位已經就業，透過深度訪談，了解他們進入高職後的學習經驗與不同進路的生涯選擇，進一步分析影響高職畢業生生涯選擇的相關因素及其背後所隱含的意義。 本研究獲致結論如下： 壹、高職畢業生不同進路的生涯選擇歷程方面，學生從選擇進入高職開始直到畢業後的進路選擇，中間所經歷的生涯選擇歷程呈現不同的轉折，高職畢業生的生涯選擇態度從茫然到堅定，並且了解自己所做的選擇，同時也能夠認同自己的生涯進路選擇。 貳、影響高職畢業生不同進路生涯選擇之因素包括外在環境與個人因素二個面向，外在環境因素面向包含：社會價值觀的影響、校園學習歷程是影響生涯選擇的重要因素。個人因素面向包含：家庭經濟層面是就業選擇重要的考量、興趣是影響升學及就業選擇的關鍵力。同時，在外在環境因素與個人因素等不同因素的交互影響下，高職生的生涯選擇也會產生變化，高職生入學前之生涯選擇結果是因學習成就表現影響家長意見而成，而高職畢業生的生涯選擇則是因個人興趣影響學習歷程所形成之結果。

Students and parents in Taiwan are influenced by credentialism, and they have a tendency to judge a person’s achievement based on his/her exam scores. Under such a cultural atmosphere, vocational high school students are often perceived as being weak in competitions for academic scores. This study investigated whether the Basic Competence Test for Junior High School Students would affect the career choices of vocational high school students. In order to examine this issue, nine graduates from a vocational high school of New Taipei City, including five university students, and four graduates already in the workforce, were interviewed to understand their study experiences after entering a vocational high school and their choices on different career pathways. This research further analyzed the relevant factors that affect vocational high school graduates’ career choices and the implications behind it. The results of this study are as follows. As for vocational high school students’ choices of different career pathways, the students experienced different transitions in their career choices in the course from entering the vocational high school to choosing a career paths after graduation. Vocational high school graduates, whose attitudes towards career choices transformed from feeling lost to feeling assertive, came to understand their own choices. They acknowledged the numerous career choices, they made choices in life, and made decisions on their own future. External environmental factors in relation to students’ career choices encompassed social values and the students’ school study path, which were both important factors that affected career choices. Personal factors in relation to career choices encompassed family financial status and the students’ interest, both of which affected study and employment choices. Meanwhile, under the cross-influence of various factors encompassing external environmental factors and personal factors, the vocational high school students’ career choices also experienced changes, which included career choices prior to school enrolment resulted from their previous study performance and parents’ opinion, whereas their career choices upon graduation from vocational high school were the outcome of their study path, which was driven by personal interests.