探討STEM導向程式設計課程對於運算思維傾向、程式自我效能與創意自我效能之影響

Abstract

STEM教育模式，是一種跨領域的教學方式，其核心科目為科學、科技、工程與數學，有別於傳統的課堂授課以教師講述為中心，STEM教育則以學生為中心，引導學生思考並解決問題。然而，過去研究中對於運算思維和創造力幾乎是以試題和圖形的測驗方式評估學生的運算思維能力與創造力，鮮少探討個人的情意面向。本研究藉由STEM課程以培養學生的運算思維，使用積木程式編輯平台輔助STEM導向的課程教學，並結合環境議題，課程共為期10週。研究對象為臺灣中部地區國小六年級學生，男生57人、女生47人，共104人。本研究採用單一組前後測設計，並蒐集學生的運算思維傾向、程式與創意自我效能問卷，以成對樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森積差相關與多元迴歸分析。了解學生藉由STEM導向程式設計課程，其運算思維傾向、創意自我效能與程式自我效能的改變情形以及各變項對程式自我效能的預測情形。此外，本研究亦針對完成之作品進行評分，探討作品表現與程式自我效能、創意自我效能以及運算思維傾向的關聯。研究結果顯示學生在STEM導向課程前後其創意自我效能與程式自我效能總量以及程式自我效能中的邏輯、獨立、鷹架、自律學習與複雜任務均獲得顯著提升，然而在運算思維傾向上沒有顯著提升。多元回歸結果顯示創意自我效能、運算思維傾向中的模式一般化、抽象化、問題評估能預測學生程式自我效能。作品評分中的評分項目與程式自我效能的構面、運算思維傾向的構面達正向低度相關。因此，學生除了學習程式設計的技能外也透過作品的創作提高他們的創意信心，進而能提升對於程式設計的信心。對此，建議未來課程中可以多鼓勵學生發揮創意進行創作，以提升學生對撰寫程式的信心。

STEM education model is an interdisciplinary instructional approach with a core focus on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Unlike traditional classroom lectures centered around teacher-led instruction, STEM education places students at the center, guiding them to think critically and solve problems. However, past research has predominantly assessed students' computational thinking and creativity through test questions and graphical assessments, often overlooking the affective aspects. This study utilizes a STEM curriculum to cultivate students' computational thinking, employing a block-based programming platform to facilitate STEM-oriented course instruction, combined with environmental issues. The course spans a duration of 10 weeks and targets sixth-grade students (104 participants; 57 males and 47 females) from the central region of Taiwan. Thestudy employs a single-group pretest-posttest design and collects data through Computational Thinking Disposition, Programming, and Creative Self-Efficacy questionnaires. Data analysis involves paired-sample t-tests, one-sample t-tests, Pearson correlationcoefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The study aims to understand the changes in students' computational thinking disposition, creative and programming self-efficacy through a STEM-oriented programming design course, as well as predicting the effects of various variables on programming self-efficacy. Furthermore, the study assesses completed projects and explores the associations between project performance and programming self-efficacy, creative self-efficacy, and computational thinking disposition. The findings reveal significant improvements in students' overall creative and programming self-efficacy, as well as specific facets of programming self-efficacy including logical thinking, independence, scaffolding, self-directed learning, and handling complex tasks, after participating in the STEM-oriented course. However, there is no significant improvement observed in computational thinking disposition. Multiple regression results indicate that creative self-efficacy and specific computational thinking disposition aspects such as pattern generalization, abstraction, and problem assessment can predict students' programming self-efficacy. Project scoring correlates positively and moderately with programming self-efficacy dimensions and computational thinking disposition facets. Therefore, students not only enhance their programming skills but also boost their creative confidence through project creation, subsequently increasing their confidence in programming. In light of these findings, it is recommended that future curricula encourage students to exercise creativity in their projects to enhance their confidence in programming.