功能性奈米結構式電極晶片於生醫檢測之研究
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2014
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由於奈米科技(Nanotechnology)不斷創新，以奈米製程技術製作各種感測器，在近年來已被大量研究，尤其在生醫檢測(Biomedical detection)上更備受重視。與醫院大型機台檢測比較，生醫感測晶片(Biomedical on-chip sensing devices)具有高功能性、輕薄、低價、即時和節能的眾多優點。由於攜帶方便且所需要的樣品少，民眾能在家自行檢測，提早獲得身體資訊，使病患在疾病初期，即可獲得有效的診療。目前，生醫檢測上的奈米結構，大多為一維的奈米線(Nanowire)結構，但該製程上擁有較高的不穩定性，且要使奈米線均勻分布在電極(Electrode)上的成功率不高，故在量產會為其困難。本研究是利用電子束微影技術(Electron-beam lithography)以及電漿蝕刻(Plasma etching)，快速製備出陣列且具一致性的氮化鈦(Titanium nitride, TiN)奈米線結構感測器，其線寬約50 nm。另一方面，本研究會將奈米線結構延伸製作成水平式的氧化鎢電阻式記憶體(Resistive random-access memory, RRAM)結構感測器，並分別針對兩種結構進行電性檢測(Electrical detection)之探討。在氣體檢測的方面，氮化鈦奈米線感測器擁有較高的靈敏度及重複性，在氧氣濃度0.8 ppm時，有45%的電阻響應，適合作為氧氣濃度的感測器；而氧化鎢電阻式記憶體結構感測器在腔體抽離大氣中氣體時，電阻有較高的變化及響應，尤其在低阻態時，響應高達145%，說明氧化鎢(Tungsten dioxide)電阻式記憶體結構對於大氣中，其餘氣體擁有較高的感測能力。在生物分子的檢測上，本研究做了葡萄糖(Glucose)濃度的感測，一般人體中的正常血糖濃度範圍為700~1100 ng/μl，電阻式記憶體結構在葡萄糖濃度1052ng/μl時，高阻態擁有18535 %的電阻響應，遠大於奈米線結構的2146 %。在濃度高於1052ng/μl時，低阻態的電阻有較明顯的變化，當血糖高於正常值時，切換至低阻態，能有更佳的感測效果。推測電阻式記憶體結構在做血糖的量測，能有良好的效果。
Since the innovation of the nanotechnology, many studies of design and fabricate the sensors are via nano-process technology in recent years. The biomedical detection is especially considered as an important event. Compared with the hospital-mainframe platform detection, the advantages of biomedical on-chip sensing devices are the high functionality, light weight, lower cost and real time. Because it is the portable devices with more less samples for detection, people can use them at home and then obtain the information about their bodies early. Hence, the patients can get effectively treatment early in the disease. The biomedical market of on-chip sensing devices is also significant and concerned. Generally, the on-chip sensors are mostly one-dimensional nanowire-based structures on biomedical detection currently. The nanowire process is instability where the nanowires uniform on electrodes is very difficult. So the nanowire-based sensing chip cannot be easily to mass production. In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) nanowire sensors arrays are fabricated by electron-beam lithography and plasma etching. Herein the width of nanowire is 50 nm. On the other hand, this study uses the nanowire structures to develop and fabricate the horizontal structure sensors in which the concept is resistive random-access memory (RRAM) with a tungsten oxide layer. The behavior of electrical detection can be measured and discussed for two types of structure sensors. For the gas detection, the oxygen can be detected by TiN nanowire sensors with high sensitivity and reproducibility. When the oxygen concentration is 0.8 ppm, the response of the resistance indicates 45%. In addition, RRAM-based sensors have higher change of resistance and higher response when leaving atmospheric condition in the chamber. The response is up to 145% at low resistance state especially. It shows that RRAM-based sensor with a tungsten oxide layer has a high sensing capability for the detection of remaining gases at the atmosphere. For the biomolecule detection, the glucose can be used in this study. At the glucose concentration of 1052 ng/μl, the high resistance state of RRAM-based sensor has the response of the resistance which is 18535%. This value is much higher than nanowire-based sensor where response of the resistance is with 2146%. When concentration of glucose is higher than 1052 ng/μl, the resistance at the low resistance state changes obviously. It can be seen that it will have better effect at the low resistance state when the blood glucose concentration is over the normal range. Consequently, RRAM-based sensors are able to possible to be developed for detection of blood glucose.
Since the innovation of the nanotechnology, many studies of design and fabricate the sensors are via nano-process technology in recent years. The biomedical detection is especially considered as an important event. Compared with the hospital-mainframe platform detection, the advantages of biomedical on-chip sensing devices are the high functionality, light weight, lower cost and real time. Because it is the portable devices with more less samples for detection, people can use them at home and then obtain the information about their bodies early. Hence, the patients can get effectively treatment early in the disease. The biomedical market of on-chip sensing devices is also significant and concerned. Generally, the on-chip sensors are mostly one-dimensional nanowire-based structures on biomedical detection currently. The nanowire process is instability where the nanowires uniform on electrodes is very difficult. So the nanowire-based sensing chip cannot be easily to mass production. In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) nanowire sensors arrays are fabricated by electron-beam lithography and plasma etching. Herein the width of nanowire is 50 nm. On the other hand, this study uses the nanowire structures to develop and fabricate the horizontal structure sensors in which the concept is resistive random-access memory (RRAM) with a tungsten oxide layer. The behavior of electrical detection can be measured and discussed for two types of structure sensors. For the gas detection, the oxygen can be detected by TiN nanowire sensors with high sensitivity and reproducibility. When the oxygen concentration is 0.8 ppm, the response of the resistance indicates 45%. In addition, RRAM-based sensors have higher change of resistance and higher response when leaving atmospheric condition in the chamber. The response is up to 145% at low resistance state especially. It shows that RRAM-based sensor with a tungsten oxide layer has a high sensing capability for the detection of remaining gases at the atmosphere. For the biomolecule detection, the glucose can be used in this study. At the glucose concentration of 1052 ng/μl, the high resistance state of RRAM-based sensor has the response of the resistance which is 18535%. This value is much higher than nanowire-based sensor where response of the resistance is with 2146%. When concentration of glucose is higher than 1052 ng/μl, the resistance at the low resistance state changes obviously. It can be seen that it will have better effect at the low resistance state when the blood glucose concentration is over the normal range. Consequently, RRAM-based sensors are able to possible to be developed for detection of blood glucose.
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Keywords
生醫感測, 生醫晶片, 奈米線, 電阻式記憶體, 奈米結構, biomedical detection, biosensor, nanowires, RRAM, nano-structures