德國對外文化政策與臺灣之實踐-以台北歌德學院為例

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2016

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德國立足於今日國際社會,無論是其經濟實力或文化內涵皆給人強烈正面印象,可謂「超級品牌國家」(Megabrand Country),在各種柔性權力指標排行總是名列前茅。但此形象的積累,並非一蹴可幾,而是透過聯邦政府及國民努力長期耕耘戰後轉型而致。本文將討論二次大戰之後,德國聯邦政府如何將背負國際社會輿論壓力、民生不振的國家形象,透過對外文化政策,透過一連串的人員互訪交換計畫、德語推廣、德國文化交流等,致力於他國人民對德國之了解與認同,用以形塑國際社會對德國之正面觀感與形象,進而營造有利德國聯邦政府之決策環境。 本文將先整爬梳德國對外文化政策之發展脈絡及趨勢、其發展的內涵與架構,在文中歸納德國對外文化政策特色與海外之實踐模式,並了解政策目的、預期成效等。最後將重點置於德國聯邦政府基於對外文化政策下於臺灣相關文化組織網絡,將透過訪談德國最重要的對外文化政策中介機構:歌德學院,檢視在臺灣推動德國對外文化政策之預期目標、成效與未來展望,分析德國對外文化政策在臺灣的實踐與成效。
Foreign cultural policy (Auswärtige Kulturpolitk) is seemed to be”the third pillar” of German foreign policy. After WWII, Germany was separated into two parts and occupied by the allied forces. The goal of German foreign cultural policy at that time was to reconnect with the western countries and rebuild the broken reputation at the international stage. With the effective governmental system, rapidly growing economy and well-arranged domestic policies, Germany got recovery from the illness the wars brought within few decades. Since 1970s, the role of Germany at the international stage has indeed transformed into the leading country of the whole world. On account of the new role of Germany, the brand-new goals of its foreign cultural policy were also set. The new goals now focus on: keeping peace, preventing conflicts, enhancing human rights, pushing international cooperation and maintaining partnership between different countries. German government believes that through foreign cultural policy can achieve in the above goals. Goethe Institute, as the most important overseas cultural organization, taking the responsibilities to spread German and German culture through the different cultural program arrangements in other countries. Until today, Goethe Institute is seemed to be one of the most successful overseas cultural institution all over the world. In this dissertation, the author will examine the background, the framework and the executive structure of German foreign cultural policy. Except that, the author will also collect the first-hand information about the practices of Goethe Institute in Taiwan by interviewing the key figures of Goethe Institute as the main contribution of the paper.

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對外文化政策, 文化外交, 歌德學院, DAAD, 德國之聲, German Foreign Cultural Policy, Auswärtige Kulturpolitik, Cultural Diplomacy, Goethe Institut, DAAD, Deutsche Welle

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