Browsing by Author "Liao, Jung-Yu"

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    Correction to: Evaluation of the effects of a designated program on illegal drug cessation among adolescents who experiment with drugs
    (2019-10-30) Chang, Chiu-Ching; Liao, Jung-Yu; Huang, Chiu-Mieh; Hsu, Hsiao-Pei; Chen, Chih-Che; Guo, Jong-Long
    Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that some data in the text should be changed.
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    Evaluation of the effects of a designated program on illegal drug cessation among adolescents who experiment with drugs
    (2018-01-16) Chang, Chiu-Ching; Liao, Jung-Yu; Huang, Chiu-Mieh; Hsu, Hsiao-Pei; Chen, Chih-Che; Guo, Jong-Long
    Abstract Background Studies indicate that adolescent-onset drug users experience a greater likelihood of dependence that continues into adulthood. The importance of early intervention was evident in treating adolescents before their substance use progressed. We examined the effectiveness of an intervention program that prevents students who experiment with drugs from reusing them. Methods The study was based on 10 out of 18 invited schools that were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (5 schools, n = 43) or the comparison group (5 schools, n = 41). The intervention group received an E-course program that comprised a main intervention course (12 sessions) and a booster course (2 sessions). By reducing the burden of teaching content during the 14 sessions, the in-class counselor had opportunities for face-to-face discussions with students on their ambivalence toward quitting illegal drugs. The comparison group received the conventional didactic drug prevention course (2 sessions). Outcomes in terms of stress management, refusal skills, pros of drug use, cons of drug use, and drug use resistance self-efficacy were measured via structured questionnaires conducted thrice: at baseline, after the main intervention sessions, and after the booster sessions. A linear mixed model (LMM) was employed to investigate the effects of time and groups on the outcome variables with group, time, and group × time as fixed effects. Subjects and schools were selected as random effects in order to consider both within-subject and within-school correlations. Results There was a significant group × time interaction with regard to stress management, refusal skills, pros of drug use, and drug use resistance self-efficacy, excluding cons of drug use. The intervention group displayed better stress management compared to the comparison group after the booster intervention. Similar between-group differences were identified in that the intervention group displayed better refusal skills and drug use resistance self-efficacy compared to that of the comparison group. The intervention group favored using drugs less (a decrease in the pros of drug use score) compared to the comparison group after the booster intervention. Conclusions Our program provided an example of the results of early intervention among students who experiment with illegal drugs.
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    Patterns of perspectives on fall-prevention beliefs by community-dwelling older adults: a Q method investigation
    (2016-07-07) Chen, Shueh-Fen; Huang, Su-Fei; Lu, Li-Ting; Wang, Mei-Chuen; Liao, Jung-Yu; Guo, Jong-Long
    Abstract Background Falling has high incidence and reoccurrence rates and is an essential factor contributing to accidental injury or death for older adults. Enhancing the participation of community-dwelling older adults in fall-prevention programs is crucial. Understanding fall-prevention beliefs will be beneficial for developing a community-based fall-prevention program. The aim of the present study was to identify the distinct types of subjective views on the fall-prevention beliefs of community-dwelling older adults aged 80 years and older by applying the Q method. Methods The Q method was adopted to investigate the pattern of perception on fall-prevention beliefs. Forty-two older adults aged 80 − 92 years from a community care center in Northern Taiwan were recruited and requested to complete a Q-sorting. A series of Q-sorts was performed by the participants to rank 30 statements into a normal distribution Q-sort grid. The Q-sorts were subjected to principal component analysis by using PQMethod software Version 2.35. Results Four statistically independent perspectives were derived from the analysis and reflected distinct viewpoints on beliefs related to fall prevention. Participants in the Considerate perspective believed that health problems caused by falling were serious and fall prevention could decrease the burden they place on their family. Participants in the Promising perspective believed that existing health problems could cause a fall and that fall prevention contributed to their well-being. Participants in the Adaptable perspective perceived low barriers to execute fall prevention and displayed self-confidence and independence in preventing falls. Participants in the Ignorance perspective believed that they could not prevent falls and perceived barriers to fall prevention. Conclusions By combining theoretical constructs and the Q methodology approach, this study identified four distinct perspectives on fall prevention among community-dwelling older adults. Critical reflection on older adult personal perspectives and interpretations of the required responsive approach is a key element for appropriating fall-prevention support.
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    Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan
    (2020-10-12) Lee, Charles T; Huang, Chiu-Mieh; Chang, Li-Chun; Wang, Shih-Wen; Hsu, Hsiao-Pei; Liao, Jung-Yu; Guo, Jong-Long
    Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison> compulsory rehabilitation> observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment.
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    The validity and reliability of the Mandarin Chinese version of the drug abuse screening test among adolescents in Taiwan
    (2017-06-06) Liao, Jung-Yu; Chi, Hsueh-Yun; Guo, Jong-Long; Huang, Chiu-Mieh; Shih, Shu-Fang
    Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20) among adolescents, as well as examining the test’s predictability with regard to the actual level of drug abuse. Method A total of 100 adolescent participants were recruited with their consent, in which 49 were current drug users and 51 were non-users. Based on the frequency of their drug use, participants who had used drugs at least once every week during the past year were classified as regular users (34 participants); participants who had not reached the regular use frequency of once every week during the past year were classified as occasional users (15 participants). All of the participants were required to answer a sociodemographic questionnaire, and undergo a DAST-20 (Mandarin Chinese version). Results The DAST-20, which has a high reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88, and a construct validity accounting for 61.87% of the variance. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.96 between the users and nonusers, and 0.93 between the occasional users and non-occasional users. A cut-off of three points could identify 93.5% of the drug users and 88.9% of nonusers, whereas a cut-off of six points could identify 85.3% of the regular users and 92.4% of non-regular users. Conclusions The DAST-20 was the strongest predictor of adolescents who were regular users, occasional users, and non-users after controlling for other potential covariates. The Mandarin Chinese version of the DAST is simple to use and has a satisfactory validity and reliability. It is an effective screening tool for drug users among adolescents.
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    探討COVID-19後疫情時代護理、長照與公衛相關科系學生投入長照產業意圖之影響因素
    (2023) 洪慈慧; Hung, Tzu-Hui
    背景：我國的人口老化速度逐年加快，預估於2025年進入超高齡社會。然全球受到新冠肺炎的威脅，可能影響國內長照產業投入意願，因此了解相關科系學生投入長照產業有助於未來長照產業人才之投入。目的：本研究運用計畫行為理論，探討後疫情時代就讀護理、長期照護及公共衛生等健康產業相關科系的學生投入長照產業意圖之影響因素。方法：本研究採線上問卷調查法，目標族群為國內年滿20歲以上之護理系、長期照護系、公共衛生系（含醫務管理系或健康事業管理系）等健康產業相關科系的學生，回收有效問卷共計153份，以SPSS 23.0版套裝軟體進行變異數分析、t檢定、皮爾遜相關分析、多元階層迴歸分析等。結果：本研究學生之老化知識程度為中等 (M = 7.71, SD = 2.38)；對於長照或老化看法偏正向 (M = 25.59, SD = 3.50) ；同理心表現為正向 (M = 35.25, SD = 4.44) ；而對於COVID-19感知的程度偏高 (M = 7.86; SD = 1.54) 。在投入長照產業的計畫行為理論變項的表現上，本研究的學生投入長照產業意圖 (M = 9.22; SD = 3.04) 、對於投入長照產業工作態度 (M = 10.80; SD = 2.07) 以及知覺行為控制 (M = 10.25; SD = 2.63) 為中等程度，但主觀規範偏低 (M = 8.71; SD = 2.76) ，而社會心理變項與投入長照產業意圖為低度相關。多元階層迴歸分析結果顯示，影響後疫情時代的健康產業相關科系學生投入長照產業意圖之因素包含「男性」 (β = -0.142, p< .05) 、「對於投入長照產業工作之態度」 (β = 0.481, p < .001) 、「主觀規範」 (β = 0.225, p < .001) 及「知覺行為控制」 (β = 0.214, p < .01) 。 結論：當學生對於投入長照產業抱持正向的態度時，提升重要他人的支持與勝任感，將有助於增強投入長照產業之意圖。因此，建議健康產業科系之教育單位能夠推動在地化產學合作，增加長照單位之參訪、見習機會，並增設高齡長照學實習為必／選修課程，強化學生對在地長照產業的認同，以激發就業的動機。同時，可增設高齡與長照相關通識課程或學分學程，以消除對於長照或老化之刻板印象或偏見，有助於未來長照產業人力的發展。
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    探討成年初顯期年輕人使用大麻之影響因素與政策觀點
    (2025) 侯以諾; Hou, Yi-No
    前言：近年隨著多個國家陸續推動大麻除罪與合法化政策，關於大麻使用風險與規範的討論也越來越多，儘管台灣目前仍嚴格禁止大麻使用，但國際趨勢與資訊流通已對年輕世代產生影響。本研究目的主要為探討成年初顯期之年輕人使用大麻的影響因素與大麻合法化政策的看法。方法：以社會生態學模式為理論架構，共訪談8名具有大麻使用經驗的成年初顯期之年輕人，從個人、人際、與環境各面向探索相關影響因素以及他們對於相關政策的看法。結果：於個人面向發現「使用後的立即身心感受」、及「正向態度」兩個主題及「釋放壓力」等共四個次主題；人際則以「家庭因素」和「朋友影響」兩個主題並產生「同溫層」等三個次主題；環境的主題為「隱密性高」和「因合法化政策所促進的有利環境」兩個主題；大麻合法化政策的看法的主題為「觀察國際合法化經驗的利弊」、「合法化後可能的負面影響」和「在台灣的可行性」，並產生「取得容易」等四個次主題。結論：成年初顯期之年輕人使用大麻受到個人、人際、與環境等層面的影響，而使用行為與其政策態度則呈現多元且矛盾的情況；雖然部分受訪者認同大麻具有放鬆情緒等作用，但多數受訪者認為合法化應以完善監管為前提，台灣社會尚未具備大麻合法化的條件，即使身為使用者仍對大麻合法化保持審慎態度。
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    行動應用程式對於用藥高危險青少年之成效探討
    (2019) 廖容瑜; Liao, Jung-Yu
    目的：青少年非法藥物濫用預防分三級，對於「高危險群青少年」的預防措施較少。高中職是一重要的轉變期，青少年即將面對升學、就業、結婚等選項，若沒有轉變成功，可能增加非法藥物使用的機率。因此，本研究發展一行動應用程式「QD-Health」應用於藥物濫用預防，使用解構式計畫行為理論評估高危險群學生使用此款行動應用程式之影響因子，並評估其成效，期能促進高危險學生之不用藥健康識能與社會支持，以延緩並預防非法藥物使用的發生。 方法：本研究招募40名高危險群學生使用QD-Health，共計2個月，參與者需完成三次問卷調查，分別於前測 (第一次使用後)、第一個月追蹤、及第二個月追蹤。資料分析採複迴歸探討影響參與者使用QD-Health意圖之因子；採配對t檢定與效果量評估此行動應用程式對於不用藥健康適能、社會支持與不用藥意圖之成效。 結果：複迴歸分析結果顯示態度與輔導員影響顯著預測意圖，而知覺有趣性與相容性顯著影響態度。此外，參與者的不用藥意圖、不用藥健康適能與社會支持於使用QD-Health之兩個月當中有所改善，比較前測與第一個月追蹤測的結果，情緒性支持之效果量介於低至中等，其它結果變項為低效果量；比較前測與第二個月追蹤測的結果，情緒性支持之效果量介於中等至高，不用藥健康適能為低至中等之效果量。 結論：QD-Health是第一個行動應用程式應用於青少年藥物濫用防制，本研究結果認為行動應用程式適合高危險群青少年，且QD-Health對於青少年之情緒性社會支持的改變具潛在成效。
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    運用計畫行為理論探討大學生結婚行為意向
    (2025) 楊善甯; Shan-Ning, Yang
    本研究旨在運用計畫行為理論（Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB）探討影響大學生結婚行為意向之相關因素。研究目的包括瞭解大學生的結婚行為意向，分析態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制等構念與其子信念的關係，並進一步檢驗背景變項對結婚意向的影響。研究方法採用兩階段設計，首先透過開放式問卷篩選出大學生對婚姻之顯著信念，進一步發展成結構式問卷，針對臺北市與新北市共450名大學生進行施測。資料分析方法包括Pearson相關分析、多元迴歸分析及結構方程模型（SEM）驗證。研究結果顯示，態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制皆與結婚行為意向呈顯著正相關，其中以態度對結婚行為意向的預測力最強。此外，性別、是否具有交往經驗等背景因素亦顯著影響大學生的結婚行為意向。進一步比較具有與不具有結婚行為意向的大學生之信念差異發現，有結婚行為意向的學生較認同婚姻能帶來幸福感及歸屬感，且更受父母期望所影響，並相信「遇見合適對象」與「經濟穩定」有助於婚姻的可行性；而無結婚行為意向者則多認為婚姻限制個人自由或增加負擔。研究結論指出，大學生對婚姻的態度及其背後的信念結構是影響結婚行為意向的重要因素。本研究建議透過教育介入計畫，協助年輕世代反思婚姻的意義，培養正向的婚姻態度及提升相關行為準備度，提供未來婚姻相關課程設計與政策發展之實證參考。