Browsing by Author "Hung, Hsin-Yi"

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    Brightness of melanin-based plumage coloration is a cue to oxidative stress in Himalayan Black Bulbuls (Hypsipetes leucocephalus nigerrimus)
    (2015-12-23) Hung, Hsin-Yi; Li, Shou-Hsien
    Abstract Background Melanin-based coloration is often found to be associated with variations in physiological and behavioral traits that are essential in avian communication. However, the function of melanin-based traits to their bearers has been investigated less than that of carotenoid-based ones. It is commonly believed that expression of melanin-based pigmentation is genetically controlled. However, whether it could be modulated by physical condition has remained controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that the level of melanin-based plumage pigmentation could be negatively correlated with an individual’s oxidative stress level. Methods In this study, we used two groups of Black Bulbuls (Hypsipetes leucocephalus nigerrimus) obtained from a pet-shop in 2010 and 2011 to examine the correlation between the melanin-based plumage coloration and the ratio of lymphocytes to heterocytes, which is an indicator of the oxidative stress experienced by an individual. Results We found a negative correlation between oxidative stress levels and expression of melanin-based pigmentation on the breast and scapular feathers, but the correlation only appeared in the 2011 group, individuals of which had higher oxidative stress level and brighter plumage (i.e. more melanins) than those of the 2010 group. Conclusions Our data suggest that melanin-based plumage could reflect an individual’s physical condition in certain situations. Therefore, melanin-based plumage coloration could have a function in Himalayan Black Bulbuls’ communication.
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    米堯《法蘭西組曲》之研究與指揮詮釋
    (2023) 洪心怡; Hung, Hsin-Yi
    根據米堯在樂譜上的記載，此曲是為美國的學生管樂團而寫，並控訴德軍三度佔領法國，致使和平民主的法國人民受到迫害，米堯因此採用了許多法國民謠在這首樂曲中。要探討米堯《法蘭西組曲》樂曲內涵，必須先從米堯個人的生平經歷對其作品風格之影響，以及1944年米堯在美國創作此曲時，所面對的美國學校管樂的發展狀況。再根據曲式分析、不同演出團體的演出與筆者自身帶團所面臨到的情形，做指揮的詮釋探討。
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    類胡蘿蔔素呈色及黑色素呈色的特徵在紅嘴黑鵯的研究
    (2015) 洪心怡; Hung, Hsin-Yi
    鳥類體表顏色多樣性極大，這些顏色大部分具有功能性，對於鳥類溝通非常重要。在各種體表顏色中，由類胡蘿蔔素呈色 (呈現黃、橘或紅色)以及黑色素呈色（黑、灰或棕色）的特徵是最普遍也最重要的特徵。這類特徵通常能傳遞個體的訊息，並且具有重要的功能，例如個體可據此選擇配偶或評估對手。傳統上，類胡蘿蔔素呈色的特徵，被普遍認為是個體選擇配偶的依據，而黑色素呈色的特徵，則被認為與社會互動有關。但是這種觀念已被質疑，因為隨著越來越多的鳥種被研究，發現這兩種特徵在不同種類，可能功能不同，顯示這兩種特徵在鳥類的演化機制，可能比目前所知的更為複雜。除此之外，大部分的相關研究都在探討這兩類特徵在性擇上扮演的角色，所以多是以兩性有明顯型態差異的物種為研究標的（這類物種通常可能受到較高的性擇壓力），較少以在兩性型態差異較小的物種為主題，而這些物種可能受到與兩性型態差異大的物種不同的選汰壓力。為了能更完整地了解顏色在鳥類溝通上的演化機制，需要研究這兩類特徵在兩性型態差異較小的物種上扮演的角色。本研究選擇紅嘴黑鵯 (Hypsipetes leucocephalus nigerrimus )為研究物種,他們具有類胡蘿蔔素呈色的喙部、跗蹠與黑色素呈色的羽毛，對人眼來說是雌雄單型性的鳥種。我的結果顯示，在鳥類視覺上，這兩類特徵在兩性間是有差異的。而類胡蘿蔔素呈色的喙部與黑色素呈色的胸部與肩部羽毛的顏色表現，也與個體的生理狀況（包括個體的免疫能力與受到的氧化壓力）有關。雌性偏好試驗的結果顯示，單獨類胡蘿蔔素呈色的部位，可能不是雌性黑鵯選擇配偶的依據。我的論文提出清楚的證據，顯示類胡蘿蔔素呈色以及黑色素呈色的特徵，都能顯示紅嘴黑鵯個體的生理狀況，因此對紅嘴黑鵯而言，這些特徵可能具有重要的功能。但是要知道這些特徵在這個物種真正的功能，還需要之後更詳細的研究。